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Prevalence of HPV Proteins in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma from Tang Shan of China: An Immunohistochemistry Study

Mohammadreza Mohammadzad Mehryar, Fan Li, Jintao Li, Shu Ying Li, Hongwei Liu, Fang Zhang, Yubai Zhou and Yi Zeng

The presence of HPV DNA in cases of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma has been reported repeatedly from Tangshan area of China and other regions with a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma. In current study, to investigate the presence of human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 112 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of ESCC from Tangshan were evaluated for HPV16/18E6, HPV16/18E7, P16 and P21 proteins by Immunohistochemistry method. 112 samples divided to two HPV PCR positive and negative groups of 83 and 29 cases respectively. From 83 slides of PCR positive group 73(87.95%), 48(57.83%), 75(90.36%) and 72(86.74%) of slides had positive reaction for HPV16/18 E6, HPV16/18E7, P21 and P16 respectively. From 29 PCR negative cases 14(48.27%) and 15(51.72%) showed positive staining reaction for P16 and P21 respectively. Results showed a good direct relation between expression of two common cancerous proteins, P16 and P21, and HPV specific proteins by higher positive slides of 72/83 (86.74%) for P16 and 75/83 (90.36%) for P21 in group of positive HPV PCR, in compare with the lower positive result in negative HPV PCR group of 15/29 (51.72%) and 14/29 (48.27%) for P16 and P21 respectively. In this study, P16 and P21 were implicated as two good markers with high expression in ESCC cancerous tissue with HPV infection probability. Findings in this study raise the possibility that HPV is involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. Further investigation with a large sample size over different areas may be warranted.