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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts of Basella alba and Helianthus annuus on Selected Food Pathogens

Ibrahim TA, Ajongbolo KF and Aladekoyi G

Phytochemicals composition and antibacterial activity of ethanol and water extract of Basellaalba and Helianthus annuus were studied against seven selected food borne bacterial pathogens using agar well diffusion and disc diffission methods. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannin, saponin, alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, glycoside and phenolic compounds at varied composition in both aqueous and ethanol extract of the sample. Quantitatively phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Basella alba showed alkaloid to be 3.24%, glycoside 1.34%, Saponin 2.45%, tannin 0.69%, terpenoids 0.04%, flavonoids 1.32% and phenolic compound 0.35% while Helianthus annuus showed alkaloid to be 1.23%, glycosides 0.04%, saponin 1.46%, flavonoids 0.03%, terpenoids 0.64% and phenolic compound o.34%.The aqeous and ethanolic extracts showed antibacterial activity against the test organisms.The agar well diffusion showed greater antibacterial activity in Basellaalba with better inhibition zones while the disc diffusion method has better activity in Helianthus annuus while the ethanol extracts of the plants showed stronger antibacterial activity than the water extracts. The present study re-established the antibacterial activities of the plants extracts which were attributed to the presence of phytochemicals.