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URBAN PLANNING USING REMOTE SENSING

Mahesh Jhawar, Nitin Tyagi, Vivek Dasgupta

Urbanization is not merely a modern process, but a rapid transformation of human social roots on a global scale, where village culture is being rapidly replaced by the urban culture. In India, the complexity of urban development is so rapid that it demands quick response and perspective physical planning of the cities and towns. Therefore, it is necessary and fundamental for policy makers to incorporate remote sensing into urban planning and management. Remote sensing is the observation and measurement of objects from a distance, i.e. instruments or recorders are not in direct contact with objects under investigation. Remote sensing depends upon measuring some kind of energy that is emitted, transmitted, or reflected from an object in order to determine certain physical properties of the object. One of the most common types of remote sensing is photography. Till date maps and land survey records from the 1960’s and 70’s were used for urban studies, but now the trend has shifted to using digital, multispectral images acquired by EOS and other sensors. The output of a remote sensing system is usually an image representing the scene being observed. Since remote sensing may not provide all the information needed for a full-fledged assessment, many other spatial attributes are needed to be integrated with remote sensing data. This integration of spatial data and their combined analysis is performed through GIS technique. The fashion of using remotely sensed data in urban studies began with first-generation satellite. The high resolution PAN and LISS III merged data can be used together effectively for urban applications. Remote sensing is widely in Cartographic surveys .P-6 data is used for updating terrain visualization, generation of a national topographic database, utilities planning and other GIS applications needed for urban areas. The satellite will provide cadastral level information up to a 1:5,000 scale, and will be useful for making 2-5meter contour map (NRSA 2005). Remote Sensing techniques are extremely useful for selection of sites for specific facilities such as hospitals, restaurants, solid waste disposal and industry. Urban planning requires a large volume of data both at the time of planning and at the time of implementation of the plan to determine the status of the available facilities. Thus remote sensing techniques provide accurate, orderly and reliable information for planning and management of a town or a city. Remote Sensing techniques are extremely useful for change detection analysis and selection of sites for specific facilities such as hospitals, restaurants, solid waste disposal and industry.